Sociology - 1334 Words

INEQUALITIES IN EDUCATION GENDER CLASS ETHNICITY CLASS †¢ WHY ARE THERE INEQUALITIES BASED ON CLASS? †¢ INTELLIGENCE? †¢ VALUES? †¢ CULTURAL OR MATERIAL FACTORS? INTELLIGENCE †¢ Some social scientists argue that some people are simply more intelligent than others. †¢ This assumption results from IQ tests. †¢ However, IQ tests are a questionable tool to measure intelligence. †¢ Because: standards used in such tests are †¢ middle class standards, †¢ Western cultural context Therefore: difficult to measure the Western standard IQ of a nonWestern culture †¢ And: difficult to measure the IQ of subcultures within the same society. †¢ THEREFORE: case of intelligence is largely discredited as a credible explanation to†¦show more content†¦Marriage was attributed to females and careers to males. Gender and Subject choice †¢ There is also a difference in subject choice and gender. †¢ This can be explained by the socialisation process. †¢ Schools can contribute to guiding pupils into stereotypes, for instance if children had to choose subjects, girls are more likely to choose traditionally female subjects, (as noted by Sue Sharpe). †¢ SCIENCE GENDER: ALISON KELLY: †¢ Explains why science tends to be considered a masculine subject: †¢ A) because science subjects are presented in a way that attracts boys more than girls e.g. the way the subject is presented does not give examples which can be understood by both boys and girls, instead, they gave examples derived from e.g. football or car racing, which forms part of boys’ experience more than girls’. Girls’ Achievement: Becky Francis (2000) †¢ Francis states that at school, overall, girls get less attention than boys. †¢ Schools remain generally male-dominated, yet, there is little evidence to suggest that boys and girls are treated differently. †¢ Francis notes that some things seem to have changed since the 1970s: †¢ 1. Pupils no longer assume that girls are less academically able than boys. †¢ 2. Boys too face some disadvantages. †¢ 3. Education does note explicitly disadvantage one sex against another but sees education as being a gendered institution in which both sexes face problems toShow MoreRelatedSocial, Sociology, And Sociology857 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals who need that extra support. Social work as a subject area includes elements of psychology, law and sociology. Social policy is the study of various areas of policy, within political or governmental setting, and is concerned with everything from the welfare state, to social services. Social policy is an academic study of theory, rather than current policies and draws from psychology, sociology, philosophy, and economics. What A Levels do I need? Each university will ask for varying grades and tariffRead MoreSociology : The Function Of Sociology951 Words   |  4 PagesSociology Observation Essay Sociology is the study of development and functioning of humans in society, in other words how a person reacts in a certain situation. Although hard to understand, sociology has many important points that add into the development of someones personality, values, religion, education, etc. As Pierre Bourdieu once said â€Å"The function of sociology, as of every science, is to reveal that which is hidden.† In this case, the social group that I had studied for 24 hours had manyRead MoreThe Basic Tools Of Sociology And Sociology1034 Words   |  5 PagesArgument: In this piece, Weber outlines the basic tools of sociology and distinguishes sociology as a social science. Weber’s main message in this piece is that that social sciences should be equivalent to natural sciences, and in order to do so, laws should be made within the field. Secondly, he wanted to bring history and sociology together with causal relationships, in doing so he would also analyze the individual’s social action. He mentions that action is only social when it is oriented to theRead MoreSociology1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of sociology had been recognized by independent philosophers since the dawn of organized civilization. Philosophers such as Confucius and Xenophanes in their works had hinted at the clash of cultures and social hierarchy. Later, in the 14th century, Arab scholars such as Al Jahiz and Ibn Khalduns compliled books on the history of society itself. These works are known to be forerunners of sociology. In fact, books written by Ibn K haldun on social cohesion and conflict were translatedRead MoreSociology1447 Words   |  6 Pagescome to be called the labour process approach. †¢ Context for Braverman: ⠝‘ Braverman associated with Monthly Review journal – founded in 1949 by Paul Sweezy and Leo Huberman. An influential journal but little impact on American sociology. Best known product of this school is Baran and Sweezy’s Monopoly Capital (1966). Indeed, Braverman’s analysis of work is predicated theoretically upon Baran and Sweezy’s analysis of ‘Monopoly Capital’ [ie oligopolistic, ‘organized’ capitalism. Read MoreSociology1681 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctionalism) of social class .Following this, it will look at the changes of social class. Finally, it will discuss weather the class of Britain will be dead. Theories of social class There are three basic theories which can explain social class in the sociology history. Marxism was established by Karl Marx(1813-1883).Marx explained that a social class is a group of people who have common relationship to the means of production. For Marx (2008:26), society was characterizes by two social groups: bourgeoisieRead MoreSociology1711 Words   |  7 Pagestake away from this is that you don’t shape reality, culture shapes you and how you view reality. For people who don’t know what sociology is or had no idea what it was before entering the class as I did myself, it can be simply described as a study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. A way of understanding sociology can be done through your own sociological imagination. It would be a tool that provides many important perspectives on the worldRead MoreSociology : Sociology And Sociological Thinking978 Words   |  4 PagesSociology and sociological thinking are a vital part of society, and through examining both society and individuals, sociology is able to make changes to areas such as policies, and attitudes that may have usually negatively affected them, and instead gained a positive result through the careful research, and applied knowledge. Sociology is the study of groups and individuals and the cause and effects of each, to each other, and overall society. ‘Sociology is a technical and difficult subject andRead MoreSociology And The Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1710 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is seen every day in our lives as humans, it is the scientific study of human behavior and society. The idea of sociology has not been around forever. The term sociology comes from a man named Auguste Comte who takes credit for this study. Not only did Comte come up with this idea but there were several things that influenced the study of Sociology and how we view it today. These influences are called the origins of sociology and they include; new idea or discipline, Industrial RevolutionRead MoreSociology : Social Science And Sociology1386 Words   |  6 Pagesto the history of sociology, it was the nineteenth century that sociology emerged, with the word ‘ sociology ’ appeared in the Cours de ph ilosophie Positive Book 4[ Auguste Comte,1838 Cours de philosophie Positive] by Comte in 1838. The social forces, however, were complicated actually, which included both social, economical, cultural and even a little bit of political or religious elements. This essay explains these factors in the following part. 2.1 Social Science and Sociology The philosophes

Pythagoras Is A Bit Of A Mysterious Figure - 741 Words

Pythagoras of Samos is a bit of a mysterious figure. There are many different accounts of his early and midlife, some of which contradict each other. One thing that is common among all the records is his mathematical achievements. When it comes to math, he played an extremely large part in the development of mathematics. Pythagoras was born in 570 BC in Samos. Most of the information that can be found today about Pythagoras was written a few centuries after he died in 495 BC. His mother was a native of the island Pythagoras was born on. His father was a merchant from Tyre. During his early childhood Pythagoras stayed in Samos, but as he grew older he would accompany his dad on his trading trips. Due to travelling with his dad he studied†¦show more content†¦Odd numbers were thought of as female and even numbers as male.† Out of all the numbers Pythagoras believed that the number ten was the holiest number. He believed this because it was made up of the first 4 digits, and when arranged in 4 rows of points it made a triangle. Pythagoras also discovered prime numbers and composite numbers. He also did some research relating to perfect numbers (the sum of the divisors is equal to the number). The number 6 is an example of a perfect number. (3+2+1=6) He discovered that 28 was also a perfe ct number, and his students later found 496 and 8128 to be perfect numbers as well. Pythagoras’ biggest mathematical work was the Pythagorean Theorem. This theorem had already been discovered by the Babylonians, but Pythagoras was the first to prove that it was correct. This theorem relates to the three sides of a right triangle. It states that the square of a hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other sides. The formula for this is â€Å"a^2+b^2=c^2.† In this formula a and b = the two shorter sides of the right triangle. C is equal to the side that is opposite of the right angle, or the hypotenuse. Pythagoras was also responsible for introducing more rigorousShow MoreRelatedQuestions On The Origins Of Philosophy1760 Words   |  8 Pagesalso change into earth and rock. The rise of Milesian inheritors began with a young philosopher from an island near Miletus named Pythagoras. Pythagoras did not seek fulfillment in some material element as most Milesians did. Instead, he held the curious view that all things are numbers. This theory is often misunderstood because it is taken literally. Surely, Pythagoras meant among other things, a correct description of reality must be expressed in terms of mathematical formulas. The law of gravitationRead MoreThe Origins Of The Origin Of Philosophy1752 Words   |  8 Pagesalso change into earth and rock. The rise of Milesian inheritors began with a young philosopher from an island near Miletus named Pythagoras. Pythagoras did not seek fulfillment in some material element as most Milesians did. Instead, he held the curious view that all things are numbers. This theory is often misunderstood because it is taken literally. Surely, Pythagoras meant among other things, a correct description of reality must be expressed in terms of mathematical formulas. The law of gravitationRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesData 226 SKILL PRACTICE Applying Conceptual Blockbusting 227 Observer’s Feedback Form 227 Answer to Matchstick Problem in Figure 3.4 229 Answer to Shakespeare Riddle in Figure 3.5 229 Some Common Themes Applying to Water and Finance 229 Answer to Name That Ship Problem in Figure 3.6 230 Answer to Nine-Dot Problem in Figure 3.7 230 Answer to Embedded Pattern Problem in Figure 3.8 231 PART II 4 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS BY COMMUNICATING SUPPORTIVELY 234 SKILL

Policy and Politics in Nursing

Question: Explain Policy and politics in nursing. Answer: Introduction Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by impairment of cognitive skills. It is known to be caused by various disease conditions affecting several Americans and millions of people worldwide (Beerens et al., 2013). There is no cure for dementia presently. The most common form of dementia includes Alzheimer's disease which is observed in 80% cases and other includes mixed dementia, Frontotemperal dementia, Parkinson Dementia or Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease. There are several experimental treatments, which are under animal and human trials and seem to be promising. However, a permanent cure or a specific approach to stop the disease progression will requires several more years of research. Earlier researchers found that there are several issues faced by nurses while taking care of patients with dementia. The major issue is the problematic patient behavior, which not only affects nurses but also families and hospital roommates. Therefore, along with patients, their relatives also require nursing care. Consequently, the problems worsen with the repetition of such problematic behavior and unsuccessful parents assistance. Literature review There are unique challenges presented in therapeutic process by the dementia patients in rehabilitation. It is mostly because of cognitive changes and associated memory loss with the disease (Brooker Latham, 2015). Therefore, nurses actually have to work with these patients in a burdensome cycle. In addition, lack of nursing experience, inadequate training, and lack of cooperation among health professionals exacerbate this cycle (Beerens et al., 2013). Nurses take effort to adapt to this cycle by taking precautions. Therefore, healthcare must come up with protection plans to implement and decrease liability issues. In this section, the identified nursing issues related to dementia are outlined and policies and politics relating to the subject are discussed. Patients with these mental disorders have difficulty in complying with the norms of medical treatment and the environment of the hospital. It is due to the unfamiliar atmosphere that patients suffer anxiety. Being surrounded with strangers, receiving painful treatment and physical restrictions gives rise to problematic behaviors. However, they calm down and feel secured when their families and friends spend time with them (Kenner, 2002). During medical treatment, these patients show dangerous conduct, uncontrolled and unhygienic behavior. They find difficult to abstain themselves from food. Nurses alone cannot control this kind of behavior. Therefore, it requires efforts and cooperation from families of the patients as well (George et al., 2013). Research by (Newcomer Harrington, 2001) showed that irrational behavior of such patients relates to their trouble in perceiving circumstances. Nurses take responsibility in such situations but are unsuccessful in preventing such dangerous behavior. As the major problem in US currently is the shortage of nurses, it has become difficult and hindered the care provided to the patients without dementia. Even if sufficient nurses were available, due to multiple other demands on their time, they could not provide sufficient care. According to the survey of (Downs Bowers, 2014) nurses usually find it difficult to extract out cooperation from the relatives of the patients. Sometimes the problem is that the nurses cannot access informed consent in regards to patients treatment and care when they do not have family or if the patient is older. The other issue includes frustration and abusive behavior of parents or family members of dementia patients causing problem in the hospital. The major hindrance to the medical treatment of such patients is the lack of understanding (Prince et al., 2013). In addition, lack of nursing is the major factor-playing role in adding to the above issues (Cahill et al., 2012). Nurses tend to identify the early signs of problematic behavior as early as they can. It includes observing the regular behavior, any changes in performing daily activities and comprehensive analysis of examination results. Due to difficulty in understanding the symptoms of dementia patients, the detection and prevention of incidents of problematic behavior happens to lag behind (Le Couteur et al., 2013). Nurses tend to seek knowledge from their seniors in terms of handling dementia patients. Other than this, they are left with no option to seek knowledge and advice regarding this disease. Issues could not be settled inspite of attending conferences, discussing critical cases. Sometimes even this discussion was not possible due to the time barrier. Hence, it leaves the nurses all alone to tackle dementia care themselves. Therefore, they deal with it as they occur. It is indicative of the organizational problems including insufficient cooperation among health professionals (nurses, psychiatrists and hospital security staff) and lack of infrastructure (Downs Bowers, 2014). (Prince et al., 2013) stated that Because the nurse call button is not connected to a personal walkie-talkie system, it cannot be heard when nurses are administering care to a patient in a room far from the nurses station. Doctors understanding of patients with dementia is limited. Therefore, even if a nurse asks for a psychiatric consultation, the doctor might say that a consultation is not necessary for that level of dementia and refuse to conduct one. Every hospitals must take the protection plans to eliminate the liability issues. According to () patients are admitted who can go somewhere after discharge or have a family to take care. These measures help maintain the nursing positions. (George et al., 2013) believes that the nurses feel a gap between the ideal situation and the reality of a negative atmosphere. He says that nurses have extra pressure on their mind especially those working on acute care hospital. Due to lack of time the communication with patients is insufficient which was infact necessary for their cognitive improvement. Thus, doctors blame them when patients fall, even if they take precautions to prevent the same. Advancement in technology has bought great changes in the healthcare. Studies by (Le Couteur et al., 2013) show that there is a positive impact of consumer interaction and education. Increase in social media, television commercials helped patients in educating about several health issues and consequences. Increased use of technology has become a nursing trend since several years. Presently there is more focus on telemedicine, with more reliance on portable and mobile technology (Newcomer et al., 2001). Implementing Electronic health records tool has made easy sharing of patients data and improved outcomes. However, it increases the theft of patients private data. Recently there is increase in online nursing education to help nurses further their careers without any compromise. In order to become well equipped with latest technology, softwares for using effectively, nurses will highly collaborate with colleagues and others. Hence, collaborative nursing and care (social worlers, dentis ts, psychiatrists etc.) is expected in near future. According to (Cahill et al., 2012) UK and US has strong political lead in increasing the diagnosis of dementia and treating more number of patients. (Prince et al., 2013) believes that increasing the rate of diagnosis will generate mass awareness in the community. According to Affordable Care Act, health insurances are now accessible by millions of Americans. Hence, it will address healthcare challenges of patients without insurances earlier. To overcome nurse shortage problem the retirement age for nurses have been increased. It helps in new nurses to be trained from experienced ones. Healthcare is becoming more facility-focused and community based nursing is slowly coming back again (Downs Bowers, 2014). Conclusion The study has detailed about dementia, the current issues in nursing in care for dementia and various trends emerging in nursing with an insight into different policies and changes in the health services. A thorough literature search gave a clear concept on this subject and was a thrilling experience. References Beerens, H. C., Zwakhalen, S. M., Verbeek, H., Ruwaard, D., Hamers, J. P. (2013). Factors associated with quality of life of people with dementia in long-term care facilities: a systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,50(9), 1259-1270. Brooker, D., Latham, I. (2015).Person-Centred Dementia Care: Making Services Better with the VIPS Framework. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Cahill, S., O'Shea, E., Pierce, M. (2012). Creating excellence in dementia care: a research review for Ireland's national dementia strategy. Downs, M., Bowers, B. (2014).Excellence in dementia care: research into practice. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). George, J., Long, S., Vincent, C. (2013). How can we keep patients with dementia safe in our acute hospitals? A review of challenges and solutions.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,106(9), 355-361. Innes, A. (2002). The social and political context of formal dementia care provision.Ageing and Society,22(04), 483-499. Kenner, A. M. (2002). Securing the Elderly Body: Dementia, Surveillance, and the Politics of" Aging in Place".Surveillance Society,5(3). Le Couteur, D., Doust, J. A., Creasey, H., Brayne, C. (2013). Political drive to screen for pre-dementia: not evidence based and ignores the harms of diagnosis.BMJ Online. Newcomer, R. J., Fox, P. J., Harrington, C. A. (2001). Health and long-term care for people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: policy research issues.Aging mental health,5(S1), 124-137. Prince, M., Bryce, R., Albanese, E., Wimo, A., Ribeiro, W., Ferri, C. P. (2013). The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis.Alzheimer's Dementia,9(1), 63-75.